Diabetic Retinopathy
Intravitreal injection treatment is available.
Written & reviewed by
Dr. Atsushi MekadaBoard-certified Ophthalmologist, The Japanese Ophthalmological SocietyLast updated:
About Diabetic Retinopathy
For anyone troubled by diabetic retinopathy
A complication of diabetes in which the blood vessels of the retina are damaged. Prolonged high blood sugar weakens the retina's fine blood vessels, causing bleeding and swelling. Because there are almost no symptoms in the early stages, anyone diagnosed with diabetes should have regular fundus examinations regardless of whether they notice any symptoms. Early detection allows treatment that can help prevent vision loss.
Symptoms
- Early stage: almost no symptoms. Vision loss or unusual vision is rare.
- Middle to advanced stage: floaters (seeing spots or debris) and blurred vision (from macular swelling) begin to appear.
- Severe stage: partial vision loss, and sudden severe vision loss from vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment can occur. A sudden dark shadow spreading across your vision is an urgent symptom requiring prompt care.
Most important point: Fundus examinations during the symptom-free period are the most important step in preventing progression. By the time vision "feels wrong," the disease has often already progressed significantly. We recommend visiting an ophthalmologist as soon as you're diagnosed with diabetes, even with no vision problems.
Treatment
- MonitoringFor very early changes, we may monitor with regular fundus exams while blood sugar is carefully controlled.
- Laser photocoagulationLaser treatment to prevent retinal deterioration. This slows progression but does not restore vision already lost.
- Anti-VEGF therapyAn injection into the eye that suppresses the substance causing macular swelling, aiming to improve or maintain vision.
- VitrectomySurgery performed when vitreous hemorrhage doesn't resolve, or when a proliferative membrane is pulling on the retina.
Depending on your condition, we may refer you to a partner institution for laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy.
Diabetic retinopathy cannot fully reverse tissue damage that has already progressed. The goal of treatment is to "maintain your current vision and prevent further progression" — which is exactly why catching it before it progresses matters so much.
Ongoing Care
- Prolonged high blood sugar is closely linked to the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Working with your primary care doctor to stabilize your blood sugar is essential for slowing progression.
- Even without symptoms, please attend fundus examinations at the interval your doctor recommends, as this varies by condition.
- High blood pressure and lipid abnormalities also strain the retina's blood vessels, so managing your overall health — not just blood sugar — is important.
- Maintain a balanced diet and moderate exercise, and consider quitting smoking, which worsens blood flow and accelerates retinopathy.
A Note From the Director
A diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy may feel worrying, but treatment options have been expanding. Finding it early and continuing to manage your diet and overall health alongside eye treatment helps protect your vision. Rather than assuming “no symptoms means I'm fine,” please make regular eye check-ups a part of your routine.
Related Pages
Please note: The effects of the treatments described on this page vary between individuals, and no particular outcome is guaranteed. The severity and course of your condition will be explained by your doctor after examination.
Access, Appointments & Visiting Us
We do not take phone appointments for either first or follow-up visits. No appointment is needed — patients are seen in the order they arrive during our consultation hours. If a doctor determines during your visit that a detailed examination is needed, we will arrange the next appointment for you before you leave.
We welcome patients from Hikone and across Shiga Prefecture, as well as from Kyoto City, Takatsuki and Hirakata (Osaka), and the Nagoya (Aichi) area.