奈良教育大学英語教育研究会2006年度12月例会 2006.12.16

英語習熟度と現在進行形・過去進行形の理解の関連
― 単純時制の理解との対比に焦点を当てて ―

キーワード:第二言語習得、進行相、英語習熟度

樟蔭高等学校
松井 正

  1. 研究目的

    日本の高校新入生に対して、activity(ACT)/accomplishment(ACC) verbsのprogressive markingを単純時制との対比で調査し、英語習熟度とthe aspect hypothesis(Andersen, 1991; Robison, 1990)の関連を考察する。

  2. 調査

    1) 単純時制との対比で、英語習熟度とprogressive markingの関連を考察する
    2) 習熟度ごとの解答傾向を明らかにする
    3) 英語の時制と相の指導に関して教育的示唆を得る
    大阪府下の高校1年生67人
    (上位群22人、中位群23人、下位群22人)
    平成5年度版および9年度版の中学校検定教科書。ACT/C単純現在形、現在進行形、単純過去形、過去進行形の4種類の動詞タイプ各6問、計24問。解答形式は4択。

  3. 結果

  4. 考察

    4.1 上位群




    1) 動詞stayと [+dynamic] のsemantic feature
    2) 副詞oftenにみる進行相のmarginal member
    (1)
    a. The police found out the young man's name. He was from San Francisco, and he was in New York on vacation. He was staying / *stayed at the Green Hotel when he had the accident. (Everyday 3, 1993, p. 54)

    b. All young boys in Brazil love soccer. When I visited Brazil, I saw many boys in the back streets. They were often playing / *often played with a ball. I heard their shouts even in the rain. (Sunshine 2, 1993, p. 19)

    4.2 中位群




    1) 日本語の「テイル」と進行相の共起。進行相の拡大解釈
    2) 進行相のprototypeとしての [+dynamic, −telic] (Shirai, 2002, p. 458)
    (2)
    a. Many people visit Mt. Fuji, but some of them just throw their garbage on the ground. So every summer, my school's nature club climbs / *is climbing the mountain and picks up the garbage. (One World 3, 1997, p. 8, adapted)

    b. Tezuka Osamu started to draw comics when he was about ten. Later, he studied / *was studying to be a doctor at Osaka University. While he was in college, he began to draw comics for a newspaper.(Everyday 3, 1993, p. 46, adapted)

    4.3 下位群




    (3)
    a. I think Japan is too much like a Western country. Japan must remember that it is part of Asia. Once Japan learned / *is learning / *learns / *was learning a lot from China, Korea, and other countries in Asia. Over the years people brought many important things from these countries―rice, kanji, and many other things. Japan must not forget its neighbors. (Horizon 2, 1997, p. 52, adapted)

    b. A kakapo has large eyes and looks like an owl. Another name for this bird is "owl parrot." Kakapos sleep / *are sleeping / *slept / *were sleeping during the day. At night they walk around and find grass or fruit to eat. (Everyday 3, 1993, p. 20)

  5. 結論

  6. 教育への示唆と今後の課題

    1) 習熟度に応じた指導の必要性(特に下位群に対して)
    2) 文脈中での指導(contextualization)の必要性(Bardovi-Harlig & Bergstr?m, 1996)

    1) Spoken / written narrativesでの検証
    2) 他のlexical aspectでのprogressive markingの検証

    1 本発表で用いたデータは第36回中部地区英語教育学会和歌山大会(2006年6月24日、和歌山大学)における発表データと同じである。

    参考資料

    Andersen, R. W. (1991). Developmental sequences: The emergence of aspect marking in second language acquisition. In T. Huebner & C. A. Ferguson (Eds.), Crosscurrents in second language acquisition and linguistic theories (pp. 305-324). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    浅野 博・下村勇三郎・牧野 勤 他(1997)New Horizon English Course 2. 東京:東京書籍

    Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1992). The relationship of form and meaning: A cross-sectional study of tense and aspect in the interlanguage of learners of English as a second language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 13, 253-278.

    Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Bergstr?m, A. (1996). Acquisition of tense and aspect in second language and foreign language learning: Learner narratives in ESL and FFL. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 52, 308-330.

    Robison, R. E. (1990). The primacy of aspect: Aspectual marking in English interlanguage. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 315-330.

    佐々木輝雄 他(1997)One World English Course 3. 東京:教育出版

    島岡 丘・青木昭六・池浦貞彦・松畑熙一 他(1993)Sunshine English course 2. 東京:開隆堂出版

    Shirai, Y. (2002). The prototype hypothesis of tense-aspect acquisition in second language. In R. Salaberry & Y. Shirai (Eds.), The L2 acquisition of tense-aspect morphology (pp. 455-478). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    上田明子 他(1993)Everyday English 3. 東京:中教出版



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