Comprehensive Nano Science and Technology,
Ed., D.L. Andrews, G.D.Dcholes, G.P.Wiederrecht, Oxford :Academic Press, (2010/12/10),(c)Elsevier B.V (2011)
Volume 1 - pp.571-605
Solar Cells and Photocatalysts
Yoshio Nosaka
(Abstract)
This chapter focuses mainly on the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which generate electricity at lower cost, and the photocatalysts for water splitting to generate hydrogen as an energy source. Both technologies have been established based on the theory of semiconductors and reactions at solid surfaces, or electrochemistry, and developed as semiconductor photoelectrochemistry. The historical background of the science and technology of the photoeffects of electrodes, dye sensitizers, and catalysts are introduced first. Then, the basic theories and surface reactions are briefly reviewed in terms of the quantum size effect and the effects of downsizing on the potential energy and the surface reaction rates. Finally, since the nanostructuring of inorganic semiconductor materials enhances significantly the efficiency of solar-energy conversions, the roles of nanostructure in solar cells, especially in the DSSCs, are discussed together with the recently developed solar cells such as semiconductor-sensitized, plasmon-induced, and quantum-well or quantum-dot solar cells. The nanostructures in composite photoelectrodes and water-splitting powdery photocatalysts are also referred. The prospect of utilization of nanostructure for solar-energy conversion is discussed, based on the current researches aiming at cost-effective fabrication of the practical large-scale devices.
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